Charging Interface Initiative e. V. (CharIN): CharIN is an international organization responsible for the development of the CCS standards (CharIN, n.d.-a). It has multiple focus groups that are working on different aspects of EV charging standardization, including improved communications, grid integration, and interoperability (CharIN, n.d.-b). It was also the leader in developing the megawatt charging system now being standardized under SAE J3271 (CharIN, n.d.-d). In addition, CharIN hosts testing events or “Testivals,” where companies can verify charger and vehicle interoperability (CharIN, n.d.-c).

CHAdeMO: The CHAdeMO Association developed the CHAdeMO charging standard, and most recently ChaoJi, a high power charging system (CHAdeMO, 2021). CHAdeMO continues to advance high power charging standardization under IEC (e.g., IEC 62196-3) with plans for higher-power systems in the near future (CHAdeMO, n.d.).

ANSI Electric Vehicles Standards Panel (EVSP) : EVSP is a group organized by ANSI that brings together different stakeholders to coordinate on electric vehicle and infrastructure standardization (ANSI, n.d.). In 2023, the group published an updated Standardization Roadmap on EV Charging identifying gaps and priorities for standardization (ANSI, 2023). The previous version was published in 2012.

Electric Vehicles at Scale (EVs@Scale) Lab Consortium:EVs@Scale Lab Consortium is a collaborative group that includes national laboratories and other stakeholders that conduct research in the areas of high-power charging, smart charging management, codes and standards vehicle-grid integration, and cyber-physical security (Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, n.d.).

Run on Less:• Run on Less: Run on Less was a program organized by the North American Council for Freight Efficiency that demonstrated MD/HD depot charging, including level 2 and DC fast charging solutions (North American Council for Freight Efficiency, n.d.). The program concluded in 2023.


The U.S. DOE funds numerous projects within the scope of MD/HD ZEV infrastructure. Table 1 presents an overview of MD/HD charging projects funded by the U.S. DOE. Current research projects span wireless charging, megawatt charging, vehicle-grid integration, and cyber-physical security.


References
ANSI. (n.d.). ANSI Electric Vehicles Standards Panel (EVSP). Retrieved February 7, 2024, from https://www.ansi.org/standards-coordination/collaboratives-activities/electric-vehicles
ANSI. (2023). ANSI EVSP Roadmap of Standards and Codes for Electric Vehicles at Scale. CHAdeMO. (n.d.). High Power (ChaoJi). https://www.chademo.com/technology/high-power
CHAdeMO. (2021). Technology Overview. https://www.chademo.com/technology
CharIN. (n.d.-a). CCS Specification. https://www.charin.global/technology/ccs-specification/
CharIN. (n.d.-b). Focus Group Set Up. https://www.charin.global/focus-groups/
CharIN. (n.d.-c). Global Testivals and Conferences. https://www.charin.global/events/global-testivals/
CharIN. (n.d.-d). Megawatt Charging System (MCS). Retrieved March 8, 2022, from https://www.charin.global/technology/mcs/
North American Council for Freight Efficiency. (n.d.). Run on Less. https://www.runonless.com
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. (n.d.). Electric Vehicles at Scale Consortium Research. https://www.energy.gov/eere/vehicles/electric-vehicles-scale-consortium-research